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Lesotho’s Combined Biennial Transparency Report/Fourth National Communication.

Introduction

In the context of the ETF, countries are expected to track and report progress towards achieving
their NDCs, and communicate adaptation actions, including good practices, priorities, needs and
gaps, so as to inform the global stocktake under Article 14 of the Agreement. Besides submitting
their National Communications (NCs) every four years, signatory countries will be expected to
submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) including a National Inventory Report every two years
starting from December 2024, thus replacing the Biennial Update Reports (BURs). Under this
combined BTR/NC project, Lesotho will receive support to prepare its First BTR and NC4 and submit
them to the UNFCCC by December 2024, in compliance with UNFCCC and PA reporting requirements
and in alignment with national development goals, with built-in flexibility provided in light of its
capacities. Moreover, the country will be supported to undertake a self-assessment and stocktaking
exercise for the preparation of subsequent BTRs and NCs.

Project Objective

To support Lesotho prepare and submit its First Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) and Fourth National Communication (NC4) that comply with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Paris Agreement reporting requirements while responding to national development goals. At the national level, to allow for “built-in flexibility” if the country needs it in light of its capacities and national circumstances, priorities and needs, while bridging gaps identified.

Project Outputs

Outputs

Deliverables

  1. First BTR and NC4 prepared and submitted to UNFCCC by 31st December 2024.

1.1 National inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases

1.2 Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving nationally determined contributions under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement

1.3 Information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under Article 7 of the Paris Agreement     

1.4 Information on financial, technology development and transfer and capacity-building support needed and received under Articles 9–11 of the Paris Agreement

1.5 Other relevant information (e.g. gender), including supplemental NC chapters ( Research and Systematic Observations; and, Education, Training and Public Awareness.

1.6 Publication and submission of report, and other project execution support 

  1. Stocktaking exercise for preparation of the project proposal for subsequent reports under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement completed.

2.1 Stocktaking report for preparation of the project proposal for subsequent reports under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement

The GEF Trust Fund constitutes the most popular source of climate finance in Lesotho, having funded over 42 projects, including both national and global/regional initiatives. In terms of focus, GEF funded projects have been geared broadly towards tackling the drivers of environmental degradation. As such, the major focal areas of the fund disbursement in Lesotho have been biodiversity; land degradation; climate change policies, strategies and plans; organic pollution and water – all of which are more or less in line with the fund’s priority globally. Direct climate financing from Global Environment Fund (GEF) is accessible through the Department of Environment, which is a GEF focal point in the Ministry of Defence, National Security and Environment. (Home | GEF)

The Green Climate Fund has the potential to help countries like Lesotho meet their adaptation and mitigation finance needs. Currently, there is one cross-cutting GCF-funded project in Lesotho, among other three recipient countries – South Africa, Eswatini and Namibia. 

The project is geared towards addressing critical market barriers in accelerating private sector climate investments. Lesotho has also accessed five (5) projects under the GCFs Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme. The process for accessing funding under the GCF begin from an assessment of the needs of Lesotho and includes extensive stakeholder engagement. The fund is accessed through the National Designated Authority (NDA) and the Accredited Entity (AE) (Lesotho | Green Climate Fund).

 

Like the Adaptation Fund, the Climate Investment Funds constitutes a climate funding stream that many African countries are not able to access. CIF is an enabler of pioneering climate-smart planning and climate action in low and middle-income economies, many of which are the least prepared yet the most prone to the challenges of climate change. CIF responds to the worldwide climate crisis with large-scale, low-cost, and long-term financial solutions to support countries achieve their climate objectives. In Lesotho, there is only a single project with finance from the fund. The project, entitled “Lesotho Renewable Energy and Energy Access Project”, is geared towards funding renewable energy investments. The fund is accessed through the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning in Lesotho. (The Climate Investment Funds (CIF)).

The Special Climate Change Fund is also being governed by GEF and Lesotho has not accessed funds as the fund is dry majority of the time. Lesotho as an LDC competes with other developing countries to access the funds. (Special Climate Change Fund – SCCF | GEF)

The LDCF, which is governed by GEF, is a vital source of climate funds in the context of Lesotho. It constitutes the most significant finance stream in Lesotho, having funded national projects to the tune of over US$ 36 million as of 2022. Indeed, it is second in significance to the GEF Trust Fund only in terms of the number of nationally funded projects (8 national projects compared to 15 for GEF). Regarding sectoral distribution and focus of LDCF, the data suggests that LDCF resources are geared towards water resources management, enhancing the resilience of agricultural production and food systems, and climate information services and capacity building. (Least Developed Countries Fund – LDCF | GEF)

The Adaptation Fund is one of the least accessed climate funds and Lesotho just accessed funds (count of US$ 10 million) through Word Food Programme as the accredited entity. The project, entitled “Improving adaptive capacity of vulnerable and food-insecure populations in Lesotho”, is being implemented and pertains to agriculture and food security. It is accessed through LMS and Accredited Entity (AF | Adaptation Fund)